Svara Learning Hub

Dhatu Varisai

Zigzag exercises — skip-and-return patterns in Māyāmālavagowla, Adi Tala — developing command of non-adjacent notes

Svara TierPCM Level 1MāyāmālavagowlaAdi Tala · 8 beatsZigzag / Dhatu
Audio Playback
Tempo60 BPM
🎶Tambura
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What is Dhatu Varisai?
"Dātu varishai: These are zigzag sequences that increase the students' overall command of notes. The principle explained in Sarali and Jantai varishais is applicable to all other exercises as well as compositions and improvisations."
— PCM Book 1, p.9 (Chitravina N. Ravikiran)
Rāga: Māyāmālavagowla (Melakarta 15)
S R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₁ N₃ Ṡ
Ṡ N₃ D₁ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S
The Dhatu Principle
Dhatu = "skip" in Sanskrit
Pattern: note → skip up/down → return to adjacent note
Example: S → M → R → G (skip a third, return by step)
Develops: non-adjacent note agility, raga phrase fluency
Tāla: Adi Tala — 8 beats per cycle
L
1
Clap
L
2
Index finger
L
3
Middle finger
L
4
Ring finger
D
5
Clap
D
6
Wave (open palm up)
D
7
Clap
D
8
Wave (open palm up)
ta-ka-dhi-mi | ta-ka | ta-ka || — 1 Laghu (4 beats) + 2 Dhrtams (2 beats each)

Dhatu Varishais

1Dhatu 1 — Third-Skip Zigzag (Ascending)
Adi Tala

The fundamental Dhatu pattern. Each note is doubled, then the phrase skips a third upward (or downward in descent). This creates the characteristic zigzag motion of Dhatu Varisai.

Dātu varishais are zigzag sequences that increase the students' overall command of notes. (PCM Book 1, p.9)
Ārōhanam — Group 1
S S M R | R G | G M ||
Ārōhanam — Group 2
R R P G | G M | M P ||
Ārōhanam — Group 3
G G D M | M P | P D ||
Ārōhanam — Group 4
M M N P | P D | D N ||
Ārōhanam — Group 5
P P Ṡ D | D N | N Ṡ ||
Avarōhanam — Group 1
Ṡ Ṡ P N | N D | D P ||
Avarōhanam — Group 2
N N M D | D P | P M ||
Avarōhanam — Group 3
D D G P | P M | M G ||
Avarōhanam — Group 4
P P R M | M G | G R ||
Avarōhanam — Group 5
M M S G | G R | R S ||
Four Speeds
1st Speed
SS MR | RG | GM || (repeat for each group)
2nd Speed
SSMR | RGGM ||
3rd Speed
SSMRRGGM ||
4th Speed
SSMRRGGMRRPGGMMPGGDMMPDDN (full ascending) ||
Practice Guidance

The zigzag skip is a third (e.g., S to M, skipping R and G). This trains the voice/instrument to navigate non-adjacent notes fluently. Keep the Janta character (sphuritam) on the doubled notes.

2Dhatu 2 — Extended Zigzag
Adi Tala

A more extended zigzag pattern covering wider intervals. The skip extends to a fourth or fifth in some phrases.

The principle of Dhatu varishai is applicable to all compositions and improvisations. (PCM Book 1, p.9)
Ārōhanam
S M G R | M G R G | M P D N | P D N Ṡ ||
Avarōhanam
Ṡ P N D | P M G R | M G R S | G R S , ||
Four Speeds
1st Speed
S M G R | M G R G | M P D N | P D N Ṡ ||
2nd Speed
SMGR | MGRG | MPDN | PDNṠ ||
3rd Speed
SMGRMGRG | MPDNPDNṠ ||
4th Speed
SMGRMGRGMPDNPDNṠ ||
Practice Guidance

This pattern skips a third and then returns to the adjacent note. The phrase S-M-G-R means: start on S, skip to M (a third up), come back to G (a step down), then R (a step down). This trains the ear to hear intervals clearly.

3Dhatu 3 — Compound Zigzag
Adi Tala

A compound zigzag that combines ascending and descending skips within the same phrase.

Dhatu varishais develop the student's overall command of notes and prepare them for raga improvisations. (PCM Book 1)
Ārōhanam
S R M G | R G P M | G M D P | M P N D | P D Ṡ N ||
Avarōhanam
Ṡ N P D | N D M P | D P G M | P M R G | M G S R ||
Four Speeds
1st Speed
S R M G | R G P M | G M D P | M P N D | P D Ṡ N ||
2nd Speed
SRMG | RGPM | GMDP | MPND | PDṠN ||
3rd Speed
SRMGRGPM | GMDPMPND | PDṠN ||
4th Speed
SRMGRGPMGMDPMPNDPDṠN ||
Practice Guidance

The compound zigzag pattern S-R-M-G means: S (start), R (step up), M (skip up a third), G (step down). This creates a wave-like motion that is characteristic of many Carnatic raga phrases.

4Dhatu 4 — Reverse Zigzag
Adi Tala

The zigzag pattern reversed — each phrase starts with the skip and then returns to the adjacent note.

Dhatu varishais in both directions prepare the student for the full range of raga phrases. (PCM Book 1)
Ārōhanam
M S R G | P R G M | D G M P | N M P D | Ṡ P D N ||
Avarōhanam
P Ṡ N D | M N D P | G D P M | R P M G | S M G R ||
Four Speeds
1st Speed
M S R G | P R G M | D G M P | N M P D | Ṡ P D N ||
2nd Speed
MSRG | PRGM | DGMP | NMPD | ṠPDN ||
3rd Speed
MSRGPRGM | DGMPNMPD | ṠPDN ||
4th Speed
MSRGPRGMDGMPNMPDṠPDN ||
Practice Guidance

The reverse zigzag M-S-R-G means: M (start), S (skip down a third), R (step up), G (step up). This is the mirror image of Dhatu 3 and develops bidirectional agility.

5Dhatu 5 — Full Octave Zigzag
Adi Tala

The culminating Dhatu exercise. A full octave zigzag that covers all 8 notes with the characteristic skip pattern.

The Dhatu varishais culminate in the full octave zigzag, which is the most complete expression of the Dhatu principle. (PCM Book 1)
Ārōhanam
S M R G | P G M D | N D P Ṡ ||
Avarōhanam
Ṡ P N D | M D P G | R G M S ||
Four Speeds
1st Speed
S M R G | P G M D | N D P Ṡ ||
2nd Speed
SMRG | PGMD | NDPṠ ||
3rd Speed
SMRGPGMD | NDPṠ ||
4th Speed
SMRGPGMDNDPṠ ||
Practice Guidance

This is the most characteristic Dhatu pattern in Mayamalavagowla. The phrase S-M-R-G-P-G-M-D-N-D-P-Ṡ is a classic Carnatic melodic line. Practice it until it flows naturally.